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阿克苏垦区是一个极度干旱的内陆盐渍土地区,年降水量不到100毫米,属典型的灌溉农业区。没有灌溉,便无农业。当前,在引水灌溉上存在的突出问题,是渠道渗漏严重,有效利用率不高。根据观测,全垦区年引水总量17～18.6亿立方,其中损失量达11.6～12.5亿立方,输至田间的水量只5.4～6.1亿立方,渠道水有效利用率为32％左右。由于各级渠道的渗漏,一方面浪费水利资源,降低灌溉效益;另方面也造成灌区地下水位不断抬高,加速了土壤次生盐渍化的发生。因而,试验研究渠道防渗,是当前垦区农业生产上一个急待解决的重大课题之一。
Aksu reclamation area is an extremely arid inland saline soil area, less than 100 mm annual rainfall, is a typical irrigated agricultural area. Without agriculture, there is no agriculture. At present, the prominent problems in water diversion irrigation are serious channel leakage and low utilization rate. According to the observation, the annual total water diversion in the whole reclamation area is 17-186 billion cubic meters, of which the loss amounts to 11.6-125 billion cubic meters, the water input to the field is only 5.4-6.1 billion cubic meters, and the effective utilization of channel water is about 32%. Due to the leakage of channels at all levels, on the one hand, water resources were wasted and the benefits of irrigation were reduced. On the other hand, groundwater level in irrigation districts was continuously raised and accelerated the secondary salinization of soil. Therefore, the experimental study of seepage prevention is one of the major issues to be solved urgently in agricultural production in the reclamation area.