朊病毒病是一类能造成动物和人类中枢神经系统慢性损害的致死性疾病，这种疾病不仅具有传染性，部分病例还具有家族遗传性。该疾病表现为海绵样脑病，如羊痒病、疯牛病、震颤病、克－雅氏病等。由于朊病毒病在人类具有不同的临床特征，确诊主要依赖组织病理学、病理性基因及相关的免疫学诊断 Prion diseases are a type of lethal disease that can cause chronic damage to the central nervous system of animals and humans. The disease is not only contagious but also familial in some cases. The disease manifested as spongiform encephalopathy, such as scrapie, mad cow disease, tremor disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and so on. Since prion diseases have different clinical characteristics in humans, the diagnosis depends mainly on histopathology, pathological genes and related immunological diagnoses