铁路车辆轮对踏面的擦伤与剥离是车辆在运行过程中形成的一种常见的不规则表面缺陷,是轮对检修过程中必须检测的一个项目。提出了一种利用光电技术非接触测量此表面缺陷的方法。该方法在轮对旋转条件下,用精密激光位移传感器对踏面进行快速扫描,采集值经处理后被转换为数字图像,再通过图像处理识别是否存在表面缺陷。必要时通过对缺陷部位的往复扫描,更准确识别出擦伤与剥离是否超出段修限度。该方法可有效检测出踏面缺陷,重复性好,可满足车辆段修现场使用要求。 Wheels and treads on railway vehicles are scratched and peeled off. They are a common irregular surface defect formed during the running process of a vehicle. They are an item that must be checked during wheelset overhaul. A method of non-contact measurement of this surface defect using photoelectric technology is proposed. In this method, a precise laser displacement sensor is used to scan the tread rapidly under the condition of wheelset rotation. The collected value is processed and converted into a digital image, and then the surface defect is identified through image processing. Reciprocal scanning of the defect site, as necessary, more accurately identifies whether or not the scratch and peel have exceeded the segment limits. The method can detect tread defects effectively and has good repeatability, which can meet the requirements of the field depot repairs.