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妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)是指妊娠期首次发生或发现的不同程度的糖代谢异常,胰岛素抵抗(IR)和糖脂代谢紊乱为其发病的重要环节。GDM通常发生于妊娠中晚期,并可能同时合并其他类型的糖尿病。WHO将GDM列为糖尿病的独立类型。GDM患者的血糖增高可导致多种母婴不良妊娠结果,因此高度重视其血糖控制情况,可有效改善孕产妇及胎婴儿的不良妊娠结果。GDM的早期筛查、管理、治疗和护理是围产医学的重要课题,所以加强GDM孕妇的社区管理,对GDM孕妇实施心理护理,合理饮食,控制体重,安全有效的运动,指导用药,控制血糖升高,及时确诊GDM,使GDM孕妇能尽早得到治疗和护理,对降低GDM给母婴带来的身心危害有重大意义。
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to the first occurrence or found during pregnancy, varying degrees of abnormal glucose metabolism, insulin resistance (IR) and glucose and lipid metabolism disorders as an important part of its pathogenesis. GDM usually occurs in the second trimester and may be combined with other types of diabetes. WHO lists GDM as a separate category of diabetes. GDM patients with high blood sugar can lead to a variety of maternal and fetal adverse pregnancy outcomes, so attach great importance to its glycemic control, can effectively improve the maternal and fetal infants bad pregnancy results. GDM early screening, management, treatment and care is an important issue of perinatal medicine, so to strengthen GDM pregnant women community management, GDM pregnant women psychological care, reasonable diet, weight control, safe and effective exercise, medication, control of blood sugar Elevated, timely diagnosis of GDM, so that GDM pregnant women as soon as possible treatment and care, to reduce the physical and psychological harm caused by GDM to the maternal and infant is of great significance.