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本文基于行业增加值数据,构建技术复杂度指数,将我国制造业划分为高技术行业及低技术行业。结果显示,仪器仪表、通用及专用机械设备制造业等通常意义的“高端”行业在我国实际上属于低技术行业。在此基础上,构建计量经济模型,分别对2004-2011年全国、美国及日本外包企业技术优势及技术溢出效应进行估计和检验。研究结果表明:(1)与国内非外包企业相比,外包企业拥有明显的技术优势。美国外包企业优势大于日本外包企业。此外,在低技术行业,美国、日本外包企业技术优势低于其它国家外包企业;但在高技术行业优势却更强。(2)总体上,我国外包企业技术溢出效应为正,且美国外包企业效应低于日本外包企业。在低技术行业,两国外包企业技术溢出效应为正;其它国家外包企业效应为负,对非外包企业生产起到“挤出”作用。(3)我国外包企业技术优势与技术溢出效应之间呈现出负相关关系,且在低技术行业更为明显。
Based on the industry added-value data, this paper builds the technical complexity index and divides the manufacturing industry in our country into high-tech industries and low-tech industries. The results show that instrumentation, general and special machinery and equipment manufacturing and other common sense “high-end ” industry in our country is actually a low-tech industry. On this basis, econometric model is constructed to estimate and test the technological superiority and technology spillover effect of the outsourcing enterprises nationwide, the United States and Japan from 2004 to 2011 respectively. The results show that: (1) Compared with the domestic non-outsourcing enterprises, the outsourcing enterprises have obvious technical advantages. American outsourcing enterprises have more advantages than Japanese outsourcing enterprises. In addition, in the low-tech industries, the technical advantages of outsourcing enterprises in the United States and Japan are lower than those of other countries; however, their advantages in high-tech industries are even greater. (2) In general, the technology spillover effect of outsourcing enterprises in our country is positive, and the effect of outsourcing enterprises in the United States is lower than that of Japanese outsourcing enterprises. In the low-tech industries, the technology spillover effect of the outsourcing enterprises in the two countries is positive; the outsourcing enterprises in other countries have a negative effect and play a “crowding-out” role in the production of non-outsourced enterprises. (3) There is a negative correlation between the technological superiority and the technology spillover effect of outsourcing enterprises in our country, and it is more obvious in the low-tech industries.