“冲击——反应”模式是国外史学界解释中国近代史的模式之一,观点为:中国传统社会有着巨大的惰性,缺乏突破既定框架的内部动力,从十九世纪中期开始,西方的强力冲击促使中国发生剧烈地变化,进而完成了向近代的嬗变。客观地说,该模式可取之处在于看到了中国传统社会的巨大稳定性、封闭性和保守性,其不足在于忽略了中国传统社会也有经世致用与时俱进一面。在本文中,笔者无意论证其优劣长短,只是要把该模式当作掌握中国近代史的一把钥匙,把自鸦片战争以来中国发生的诸多事件串联起来,以期帮助学生形成知识网络、更好地理解与掌握表面上纷繁复杂,逻辑上一清二楚的中国近代史。 The “shock-response” model is one of the models that historians in the history of China explain modern Chinese history. The viewpoints are as follows: Chinese traditional society has a huge inertia and lacks the internal impetus to break through the established framework. Since the mid-nineteenth century, Strong impact prompted dramatic changes in China, thus completing the evolution to the modern era. Objectively speaking, this model is desirable because we can see the great stability, closure and conservatism of traditional Chinese society. The disadvantage is that it ignores the traditional Chinese society as well as the fact that the traditional Chinese society is both progressive and progressive. In this article, I do not intend to justify its strengths and weaknesses, but to take this model as a key to grasp the modern history of China, since the Opium War in China many events in series to help students form a knowledge network, better To understand and master the complicated and logically clear modern Chinese history.