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核酸是生物体的重要物质,它与蛋白质一样是生命活动的主要物质基础。核酸最主要的功能是直接参与生物遗传信息的传递过程,是生物遗传信息的携带者,并控制着蛋白质的生物合成。因此在生物的个体发育、生长、繁殖、遗传和变异等生命过程中,核酸都起着重要的作用。特别是近年来有关核酸的结构和功能的研究,对阐明遗传变异的本质,解决肿瘤的发生、病毒的感染和防治、辐射机制和分子疾病等实际问题上也起着重要的指导作用。随着分子生物学和免疫学的进展,核糖核酸(RNA)的理论研究和临床应用不断深入,并取得了较好的结果。核糖核酸的生物学作用根据核酸的化学组成把核酸分为两大类:含有核糖的称核糖核酸(Ribonucleic acid简称RNA);含有脱氧核糖的称脱氧核糖核酸(Deoxy—ribonucleic acid,简称DNA)。RNA
Nucleic acid is an important substance of the organism, which, like protein, is the main material basis of life activity. The most important function of nucleic acid is to directly participate in the process of transmission of biological genetic information, which is the carrier of biological genetic information and controls the protein biosynthesis. Therefore, in the biological development of individuals, growth, reproduction, genetic and mutation in the life process, nucleic acid plays an important role. Especially in recent years, the study on the structure and function of nucleic acids plays an important guiding role in elucidating the essence of genetic variation, solving the practical problems of tumorigenesis, virus infection and prevention, radiation mechanism and molecular disease. With the progress of molecular biology and immunology, the theoretical research and clinical application of RNA have been deepened and achieved good results. The Biological Role of Ribonucleic Acid The nucleic acids are divided into two broad categories based on the chemical composition of the nucleic acid: ribonucleic acid (RNA); and deoxy-ribonucleic acid (DNA) containing deoxyribose. RNA