列宁在其晚期口授的《论合作社》一文中,提出了以合作社吸引、组织和改造个体农民,即通过合作社使农民走向社会主义的思想,是原苏联和社会主义各国理论界长期争议的一个问题。列宁在这篇文章中,精辟地论述了合作社在社会主义革命和建设中的地位与作用,深刻地阐明了通过合作社改造小生产者并吸引广大农民参加社会主义建设的伟大思想。可惜这些思想还未付诸实践,列宁就与世长辞了。对于列宁的合作社思想,长期以来有两种不同的看法。一种观点认为列宁的合作社是指流通领域(如消费、采购、信贷、供销等)的合作社;另一种观点认为列宁的合作社是指生产合作社,也就是斯大林的观点。斯大林在 Lenin’s article “On Cooperatives” dictated in his later period raised the issue of using cooperatives to attract, organize and reform individual peasants, that is, to bring peasants to socialism through cooperatives, a problem that has long been disputed between the theoretical circles of the Soviet Union and the socialist countries . In this article Lenin elaborates on the status and role of cooperatives in the socialist revolution and construction and profoundly expounds on the great ideas of reforming small producers through cooperatives and attracting a large number of peasants to participate in the socialist construction. Unfortunately, these ideas have not yet been put into practice and Lenin has resigned. For Lenin’s idea of ​​cooperatives, there have been two different opinions for a long time. One view is that Lenin’s cooperatives refer to cooperatives in circulation (such as consumption, procurement, credit, supply and marketing, etc.); in another view, Lenin’s cooperatives refer to production cooperatives, that is, Stalin’s point of view. Stalin at