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丁戊奇荒中“民捐民办”的晚清义赈事业揭开了中国慈善事业近代化转型的真正序幕,在其之前,中国的慈善事业发生了激烈的演变,传统的以政府为主体的社会救济已开始向民间下移,这为民间慈善的兴起奠定了社会基础。传统的善堂善会也在救助对象、职能和活动范围方面发生了演变,但这种演变既有缘于近代化驱动力的促使,也有缘于在传统社会里自身自发的变化。同时,在中外频繁的交流中,西方先进的教养兼施理念的形成以及近代化慈善组织的出现,表明中国的慈善事业正在向近代化转变的显著迹象和主流趋势。
In the early days of the Ming dynasty, the cause of late Qing etiquette opened the real prologue for the transformation of China’s charity modernization. Prior to that, the charitable cause in China had undergone a fierce evolution. The main body of social relief has begun to move down to the people, which laid the foundation for the rise of folk charities. Traditional benevolence and goodwill also evolved in the area of salvage objects, functions and activities, but such evolution has been driven both by the driving force of modernization and by spontaneous changes in traditional societies. At the same time, the frequent appearance of frequent philanthropy in the world and the emergence of modern philanthropic organizations show that China’s philanthropy is making remarkable changes and showing signs of the mainstream trend.