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高频GNSS震时形变波震相及识别是GNSS地震学的重要内容.在实时数据处理基础上,本文利用振动台的高频GNSS观测实验,并结合近期部分大震的高频GNSS形变波震相特征进行研究.数据处理结果表明,实时处理与事后处理的精度在同一量级,且与采样率无关.通过与同址观测强震仪和地震计记录的对比及特定震相的频谱分析,发现高频GNSS可完整记录P波、S波、Love波及Rayleigh波震相,影响震相记录的主要因素是GNSS定位精度与震级,而仅当震中距很小时,采样率将产生一定影响.研究结果得出:基于地震波传播规律,利用高频GNSS台阵记录的形变波空间分段特征,结合震相运动轨迹及其他地震波记录,可实现实时高频GNSS形变波的震相识别.
Based on the real-time data processing, this paper makes use of the high-frequency GNSS observation experiment of shaking table, and combined with the recent high frequency GNSS deformation wave of large earthquakes Phase characteristics.Results of data processing show that the accuracy of real-time processing and post-processing are in the same order of magnitude and have nothing to do with the sampling rate.By comparing the records of the seismometer with the records of the seismometers and the spectrum analysis of the specific phases, It is found that high-frequency GNSS can completely record the P-wave, S-wave, Love wave and Rayleigh wave phases. The main factor affecting the phase record is the GNSS positioning accuracy and magnitude, but only when the epicentral distance is small, the sampling rate will have some impact. The results show that the phase identification of real-time high-frequency GNSS deformation wave can be realized by using the spatial segmented characteristics of deformation wave recorded by high-frequency GNSS array and the record of seismic phase trajectories and other seismic waves.