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“Willkür”概念不仅在《纯粹理性批判》中,而且在《实践理性批判》、尤其是《道德形而上学》中具有重要作用。可是,对于这个概念,国内学术界迄今没有找到一个恰当和统一的中文表述。导致目前在该词翻译上的这种混乱状态的原因是多方面的,然则对西方自由(意志)理论之中世纪渊源的漠视、对康德哲学和中世纪哲学之间的内在深刻关联的人为断裂,无疑是更为深层的原因。本文拟通过对中世纪意志概念的层阶分析,寻求接近事情本质的答案。
The concept of “Willkür” plays an important role not only in “Critique of Pure Reason” but also in “Critique of Practical Reason” and especially “Moral Metaphysics”. However, to this concept, so far the Chinese academia has not found an appropriate and unified Chinese expression. There are many reasons leading to the current chaos in the translation of the word. However, there is no doubt that the disregard of the medieval origins of the Western theory of liberty (of the will) and the profound internal relations between the Kant philosophy and the medieval philosophy undoubtedly Is a deeper reason. In this paper, we intend to seek answers that approach the nature of things through the hierarchical analysis of the concept of the will of the Middle Ages.