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目的 了解黑龙江省慢阻肺患病率及危险因素.方法 采用统一的流行病学调查问卷于2013年9月至2014年3月,以分层整群随机抽样的方法在黑龙江省鸡西、大庆、绥化、伊春和加格达奇5个城市的社区和村屯抽取40岁以上居民4 478名进行问卷调查和肺功能检测.以支气管舒张试验FEV1/FVC＜ 70％,并排除其他心肺疾病作为慢阻肺的诊断标准,统计患病率并归纳危险因素.结果 共纳入资料完整且肺功能检测合格的4 059名调查者,黑龙江省慢阻肺总患病率为7.3％,其中城镇居民患病率为6.0％,农村为8.8％;男性为8.6％,女性为6.5％.Logistic回归分析显示:性别(OR值为0.700,95％ CI:0.540 ～0.907),年龄≥50岁(OR值为1.236,95％CI:0.758 ～2.017),受教育程度为初中及以下(OR值为1.551,95％CI:0.929～2.590),烹饪燃料为柴草(OR值为2.744,95％CI:1.429 ～5.271),取暖方式为柴草(OR值为1.229,95％CI:0.120 ～ 12.546)和燃煤(OR值为4.661,95％CI:0.474 ～45.840),呼吸系统疾病史(OR值为3.594,95％CI:2.738 ～4.716),合并心血管疾病(OR值为1.370,95％CI:1.058 ～1.776)等因素与慢阻肺患病率相关.结论 黑龙江省40岁以上居民慢阻肺的发生与性别、年龄、受教育程度、烹饪燃料、取暖方式、呼吸系统疾病史以及合并心血管疾病等密切相关,应重视其防治.“,”Objective To study the prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Heilongjiang province.Methods This was a population-based and cross-sectional survey on prevalence of COPD in Heilongjiang province from September 2013 to March 2014.The stratifiedcluster-random sampling method was performed to collect the data from 4 478 people in 5 cities (Jixi,Daqing,Suihua,Yichun and Jiagedaqi).The subjects were interviewed with questionnaires and tested with spirometry.A post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ＜ 70％ was defined as diagnostic of COPD.Results Completed and qualified data were obtained from 4 059 participants.The average prevalence of COPD was 7.3％(urban 6.0％; rural 8.8％; men 8.6％; women 6.5％).When using SPSS18.0 for the single factors logistic regression analysis,results indicated that sex (OR =0.700,95 ％ CI:0.540-0.907),age ≥ 50 (OR =1.236,95％ CI:O.758-2.017),lower education level (OR =1.551,95％ CI:0.929-2.590),biomass for cooking (compared with electricity,OR =2.744,95 ％ CI:1.429-5.271),biomass (compared with centralized heat supply,OR =1.229,95％ CI:0.120-12.546) and coal (compared with centralized heat supply,OR =4.661,95％ CI:0.474-45.840) for heating,respiratory diseases (OR =3.594,95 ％ CI:2.738-4.716),combined with cardiovascular disease(OR =1.370,95％ CI:1.058-1.776) were the risk factors of COPD in Heilongjiang province.Conclusion Higher risk for COPD was related with sex,age,education level,cooking fuel,heating methods,respiratory diseases and combined with cardiovascular disease.