小轮状病毒 (SRSVS,诺沃克病毒 ,NLVS)是引起医院胃肠炎大爆发的最常见的原因 ,也会在其他环境下如 :学校、旅馆、疗养院、巡洋舰上引起胃肠炎的大爆发。医院内大爆发常导致病房关闭、医院日常工作的大量中断。大爆发通常既影响到患者 ,也影响到医务人员 ,有时患病率达 50 %以上。所以可能造成医务人员严重短缺 ,尤其是当许多病区同时被累及时。SRSVS 可以通过多条途径传播 :粪 口途径、呕吐物 /浮质、食物和水。病毒可通过这些途径中的任一种进入病房的空气中 ,通过人群间的传播大量繁殖。在大爆发时 ,根据临床特征及传染病学特性 ,诊断会迅速而准确 ,尤其是当呕吐是最主要的症状时。当SRSVS 引起的胃肠炎大爆发在病房内被发现时 ,大多数敏感个体都已经暴露在病毒的环境中 ,此时最重要的事是尽力控制感染 ,防止感染扩散到其他病区 ,限制感染已暴露者的活动(尤其应该防止病人及医务人员去到其他病区 ) ,勤洗手并进行有效的环境消毒。公共卫生实验室病毒型胃肠炎工作组的这一报告 ,综述了SRSVS 造成的感染大爆发的流行病学并且对其在医院的管理方法进行了推荐 ,并且这些推荐的基本原则对于以社区为基础的疾病大爆发的管理同样适用 Rotavirus (SRSVS, Norwalk virus, NLVS) is the most common cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks in hospitals. It also causes gastroenteritis outbreaks in other environments such as schools, hotels, nursing homes, and cruisers. . Outbreaks in the hospital often lead to the closure of the ward and the massive disruption of the daily work of the hospital. The outbreak usually affects both the patient and the medical staff, and the prevalence rate sometimes exceeds 50%. This may cause a serious shortage of medical staff, especially when many wards are tired at the same time. SRSVS can be transmitted via multiple routes: fecal route, vomit/ aerosol, food and water. The virus can enter the air of the ward through any of these pathways and multiply through inter-population transmission. In the event of a major outbreak, the diagnosis will be rapid and accurate based on clinical features and epidemiological characteristics, especially when vomiting is the main symptom. When the SRSVS-induced gastroenteritis outbreak is detected in the ward, most sensitive individuals have been exposed to the virus. The most important thing at this time is to try to control the infection, prevent the spread of infection to other areas, and limit the infection. The activities of those who have been exposed (especially to prevent patients and medical personnel from going to other wards), wash their hands and perform effective environmental disinfection. This report of the Public Health Laboratory Viral Gastroenteritis Working Group summarizes the epidemiology of the outbreak of infection caused by SRSVS and recommends its management methods in hospitals, and the basic principles of these recommendations are for communities. Management of basic disease outbreaks is equally applicable