采用浓硝酸和浓硫酸混合溶液将多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)进行功能化处理,与聚丙烯腈(PAN)共混,通过静电纺丝制备了PAN/MWNTs纳米纤维薄膜。分析了MWNTs的结构和分散性及PAN/MWNTs纳米纤维的性能。结果表明,经过混酸处理后,MWNTs表面产生了羧基官能团,可以长时间稳定均匀分散在N,N′-二甲基乙酰胺(DMF)溶液中。混酸处理后的MWNTs在PAN基体中均匀分散,减少了静电纺丝过程中珠滴地形成。添加MWNTs后,PAN纳米纤维的强度提高,含MWNTs质量分数5%的PAN纳米纤维的拉伸强度提高了35.48%。 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were functionalized with a mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid and blended with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to prepare PAN / MWNTs nanofiber membranes by electrospinning. The structure and dispersion of MWNTs and the properties of PAN / MWNTs nanofibers were analyzed. The results showed that carboxyl groups were formed on the surface of MWNTs after mixed acid treatment, which could be stably and evenly dispersed in N, N’-dimethylacetamide (DMF) solution for a long time. The mixed acid treated MWNTs dispersed uniformly in the PAN matrix, which reduced the formation of bead droplets during electrospinning. The addition of MWNTs enhanced the PAN nanofibers’ strength, and the tensile strength of PAN nanofibers containing 5% MWNTs was increased by 35.48%.