农药乳油中含有苯、甲苯、二甲苯等有害有机溶剂，这些溶剂闪点低、易挥发、毒性高，对生态环境和人类健康具有潜在风险。本文主要综述了农药乳油中有机溶剂的使用现状、危害及可能的解决措施，重点介绍了以生物源溶剂、矿物源溶剂、人工合成溶剂替代乳油中有害有机溶剂的研究进展。这些替代溶剂低毒、环保，在乳油中具有很好的应用前景，但通过实验筛选替代溶剂通常费时费力，而热力学模型COSMO-RS可以从理论上预测替代溶剂对农药的溶解性，再通过实验加以验证，省时省力，可加快乳油中替代溶剂的筛选，对开发环境友好型乳油具有指导意义。“,”The emulsifiable concentrates containing harmful organic solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene, etc. could pose potential risks to the ecological environment and human health due to their low flash points, easy volatility, and high toxicity. This paper reviewed the usage of organic solvents in pesticide emulsifiable concentrates, highlighted their potential hazards, and introduced the research progress of organic solvents substitution by bio-based solvents, mineral-based solvents, and artificially synthetic solvents. These eco-friendly alternative solvents with low toxicity showed good potential in the application of emulsifiable concentrates. However, the selection of alternative solvents through experiments was time-consuming and labor-intensive. The application of COSMO-RS thermodynamic model was based on the theoretical prediction of pesticide solubility in alternative solvents, and was verified by experiments in the laboratory. It could accelerate the screening of alternative solvents with less time and materials, which is helpful to the development of eco-friendly emulsifiable concentrates.