在对农田水利设施进行管理维护时,由于其公共品属性和农民个人理性,会采取搭便车策略,导致参与积极性不高.首先建立了农民参与农田水利管理的一般模型,然后通过适当的激励方式和组织形式,构建了新的管理模式.考虑农民决策的有限理性,并可以通过对周围环境的学习进行策略调整,利用基于Q-学习的进化博弈理论对农民策略的改变和合作行为进行讨论,并通过仿真实验洗明了新的管理模式不仅能够提高上、下游农民的收益,而且能够提高博弈中合作策略的出现次数. When management and maintenance of farmland water conservancy facilities, due to its public goods attributes and farmer’s personal rationality, it will take the free riding strategy, resulting in low enthusiasm for participation.First, a general model of farmers participating in farmland water conservancy management is established, and then through appropriate incentives And organizational form, build a new management model.Considering the limited rationality of farmers decision-making, and through the strategic adjustment of the surrounding environment learning, the use of evolutionary game theory based on Q-learning to change the peasant strategy and cooperation behavior are discussed, And through the simulation experiment to clarify the new management model can not only improve the income of peasants in upstream and downstream, but also can improve the number of cooperation strategies in the game.