大坝变形观测是监视大坝安全、验证坝工设计的一项重要手段。近几十年来,大坝失事的沉痛教训,促使世界各国对大坝的安全监测给予高度的重视。五十年代,我国开始在丰满、佛子岭、梅山、响洪甸以及上犹江、流溪河、新安江、三门峡等混凝土坝进行水平位移和垂直位移等项外部观测工作。1964年第一次水工建筑物原型观测学术讨论会前后,大坝观测技术开始有了发展,不仅从国外引进了倒锤及引张线等观测技术,同时开展了观测设备和 Dam deformation observation is to monitor the dam safety, dam design to verify an important means. In recent decades, the painful lesson of the dam failure has prompted all countries in the world to attach great importance to dam safety monitoring. In the 1950s, China began to carry out external and horizontal displacements and vertical displacements in Fengman, Foziling, Meishan and Xianghongdian as well as concrete dams such as Shangyoujiang, Liuxihe, Xin’anjiang and Sanmenxia. Before and after the first Symposium on Prototype Observation of Hydraulic Structures in 1964, the technology of dam observation began to develop. Not only the observational techniques such as the inverted hammer and the lead-line were introduced from abroad, but also the observation equipment and