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本文在西方哲学现代转型的框架下分别把握胡塞尔现象学与马克思哲学的特质。并尝试在此基础上对二者做出比较。近代主流哲学的基本问题是从主体概念谱系出发,解决主体、世界、上帝三者之间的关系。近代哲学的主体概念是将自己的对方,亦即感性客体扬弃、吸收在自身之中的抽象化产物。现象学与马克思哲学都力图克服这种无对方的“荒谬之物”(Unwesen)。前者从意识自身超越的意向性出发,后者从实践的感性对象性出发。在克服近代封闭的逻辑主体的意图上二者可谓殊途同归。但现象学最终将生活世界归结为意识之先验构造,从而落回近代哲学之窠臼;而马克思哲学则突出了生活世界的历史维度,将之说明为历史实践的产物,从而在近代哲学之后真正开出了思想的新境地。
Under the framework of the modern transformation of western philosophy, this thesis respectively grasps the characteristics of Husserl ’s phenomenology and Marxist philosophy. And try to make a comparison between the two on this basis. The basic question of the modern mainstream philosophy is to start from the conceptual spectrum of the subject and solve the relationship between the subject, the world and God. The concept of the subject of modern philosophy is the abstraction product of sublating and absorbing its own partner, that is, sensual object. Both phenomenology and Marxist philosophy try to overcome such non-partner “Unwesen ”. The former embarks on the intention of transcending consciousness, the latter starting from the perceptual object of practice. In the intent to overcome the closed logical subjects in modern times, the two can be described as identical. However, phenomenology ultimately reduces the life world to a priori structure of consciousness and thus falls back into the trap of modern philosophy. Marxism, on the other hand, highlights the historical dimension of the life world and describes it as the product of historical practice, so that after the modern philosophy, Out of the new situation of thought.