目的　观察溴氰菊酯 (deltamethrin ,DM)对孕期雌性大鼠仔代神经行为发育的影响。方法　将妊娠大鼠随机分为对照组和两个剂量组 ,妊娠第 1天～第 19天隔日 1次经口染毒 ,剂量分别为 0、3 .3 5和 6.70mg/kg ,观察其自然分娩后仔代生长发育状态及神经行为功能。结果　 6.70mg/kgDM染毒组仔鼠出生体重为 ( 5 .0 2± 0 .3 6)g,低于对照组 [( 5 .5 0± 0 .2 4 )g];出生存活率为 91.94 %、哺育存活率为83 .87%,均低于对照组 ( 10 0 %、10 0 %) ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。仔鼠张耳、体毛长出及睁眼时间的差异则未见显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。 6.70mg/kgDM染毒组仔鼠地面翻正反射阳性出现时间为 ( 6.1± 0 .3 )d、空中翻正反射阳性出现时间为 ( 17.4± 1.2 )d ,与对照组 [( 5 .5± 0 .3 )d、( 16.2± 1.6)d]相比 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;延迟时间为 ( 3 .86± 1.4 0 )s、被动逃避反应阳性率为 2 4 %,与对照组 [( 1.68± 0 .70 )s、6%]相比 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。两个剂量DM染毒组仔鼠旷场试验中行进格子数均明显降低 ,与对照组的差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　母鼠孕期接触DM可引起其仔代生长发育及神经行为发育迟缓。 Objective To observe the effect of deltamethrin (DM) on the neurobehavioral development of the offspring of female rats during pregnancy. Methods Pregnant rats were randomly divided into control group and two dose groups. The first day of pregnancy to the 19th day of the next day were orally exposed to the doses of 0,3. 35 and 6.70 mg / kg, respectively, to observe its natural Aberrant growth and development after childbirth and neurobehavioral function. Results The birth weight of the offspring of 6.70mg / kg DM group was (5.2 ± 0.36) g, lower than that of the control group [(5.0 ± 0.24) g]; the survival rate was 91.94 %, The survival rate of feeding was 83.87%, which was lower than that of the control group (100%, 100%). The difference was significant (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between the ears of the offspring, the length of the body hair and the eyes open time (P> 0.05). The time of positive ground reflexes was (6.1 ± 0.3) d in the 6.70mg / kg DM group, and (17.4 ± 1.2) d was positive in the airborne positive reflexes. Compared with the control group [(5.5 ± (P <0.01); the delay time was (3.86 ± 1.4 0) s, the positive rate of passive evasion was 24 %, Compared with the control group [(1.68 ± 0.70) s, 6%], the difference was significant (P <0.05). The numbers of advancing grids in the open-field test in the two dose DM groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Exposure to DM during pregnancy may lead to its growth and development and neurobehavioral retardation.