在巴甫洛夫建立了偉大的關於動物有機體機能的嚴整的學說以前,“心靈活動”一向被認為是一個不可知的、隐埋在黑暗的宗教領域中的一種東西,以為靈魂是個摸不透的謎。而一切精神活动的現象是直接觀察所不能及,並且不可能成為嚴格科學的生理研究的材料。基於這種神秘的觀念,過去一般唯心論的哲學家、生理學家和心理學家們就以為人的意識是可以沒有大腦而獨立存 Before Pavlov established a strict doctrine of the function of animal organism, “mind activity” has always been regarded as an unknowable, something buried in the dark religious field, thinking that the soul is invisible Mystery. And all the phenomena of mental activity can not be directly observed, and can not become the material of strict scientific physiological research. Based on this mystical idea, in the past philosophers, physiologists and psychologists of the past general idealism thought that human consciousness can exist independently without the brain