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目的 探讨哈尔滨市中学生心理健康状况及与常模的差异 ,为完善中学心理健康教育内容提供科学依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法 ;运用症状自评量表 ( SCL— 90 )及自编的调查问卷等对哈尔滨市及其所辖县 (市 )的中学生 855名(男 4 53,女 4 0 2 )进行了统一问卷调查 ,资料运用 SAS软件进行统计学分析。结果 哈市中学生的心理问题总检出率为2 1 .2 9% ,其中男女分别为 2 1 .85% ,2 0 .65% ;检出率最高的心理问题是人际关系敏感 1 1 .1 8% ,最低的是躯体化 2 .0 7% ;各年级的 1 0个因子分、总分和总均分均高于北京中学生常模 ,其中 ,除了初一、高一和高二的躯体化和恐怖因子外 ,其它因子均具有统计学差异 ( P<0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1 ) ;男女生 1 0个因子分、总分和总均分也均高于常模 ;阳性项目数比成人高 1 6项 ( P<0 .0 1 )。结论 哈尔滨中学生的心理健康状况明显比北京差 ,初二最差 ;中学生的阳性症状数比成人高得多。
Objective To explore the differences of mental health status among middle school students in Harbin and normal norm to provide a scientific basis for improving the content of mental health education in middle schools. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used. A total of 855 middle school students (male 535, female 4) from Harbin and its counties (cities) were investigated using the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) 0 2) carried out a unified questionnaire, data using SAS software for statistical analysis. Results The total detection rate of psychological problems among Harbin middle school students was 21.29%, of which 21.85% and 20.65% were male and female, respectively. The psychological problem with the highest detection rate was the interpersonal sensitivity %, The lowest is somatization 2. 0 7%; 10 grades in each grade factor, the total score and the total average were higher than the norm in Beijing middle school students, among them, in addition to the first day, first and second year somatization and Terror factors, other factors were statistically significant (P <0.05 ~ 0. 01); boys and girls 10 factor scores, the total score and the total average were also higher than the norm; the number of positive items Adults were 16 (P <0. 01). Conclusion The mental health status of middle school students in Harbin is obviously worse than that in Beijing and the worst in the second day. The positive symptoms of middle school students are much higher than that of adults.