DNA甲基化介导的表观遗传修饰是一种重要的基因表达和调控的方式,不涉及DNA序列改变,但所含信息可以遗传给下一代。在发育、肿瘤的发生及其他疾病中,表观遗传修饰都起着重要的作用。最新研究发现,DNA甲基化可能与子宫内膜异位症(EMs)的发生有关。综述DNA甲基化在EMs发病机制、临床表型及预后、药物治疗等方面的研究现状,并针对目前存在的问题,提出研究方向。 DNA methylation-mediated epigenetic modification is an important way of gene expression and regulation, does not involve DNA sequence changes, but the information contained can be passed on to the next generation. Epigenetic modifications play an important role in development, tumorigenesis and other diseases. The latest study found that DNA methylation may be related to the occurrence of endometriosis (EMs). The research status of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis, clinical phenotype and prognosis of EMs, drug treatment and so on are reviewed. In the light of the existing problems, the research direction is proposed.