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古代中国亲属概念最本质和最鲜明的特点是宗法,它基于血缘的亲疏远近、地位的尊卑高下、名分、归属的家庭、年龄大小、婚姻媒介等因素划分亲属的范围和亲疏远近,确定相互之间的法律地位和权利义务关系。近代以来,清末、民国和中华人民共和国的立法都曾规范亲属制度,中国法律的亲属概念发生了巨大的改变,亲属从宗法的意义回归到了纯粹的、初始的自然意义;但是现行法律过度缩小亲属范围的做法不是理性地对待社会关系现状的应有反映。亲属是先于国家的事实存在,这决定了亲情伦理具有独立于政治伦理的价值和正当性。在摈弃了宗法因素之后,传统的亲情及其伦理也是我们今天的道德和法律需要珍视的价值。
The concept of kinship in ancient China is the most essential and most distinctive feature of the patriarchal clan system. It is based on the close relatives and kinship of kinship, status of dignity and inferiority, fame and fortune, family of attribution, age, marriage media and other factors, Determine the legal status and rights and obligations between each other. In modern times, the legislation of the late Qing dynasty, the Republic of China and the People’s Republic of China regulated the system of kinship. The concept of kinship in Chinese law has undergone tremendous changes. Relatives return from the meaning of patriarchal clan to pure and original natural meanings. However, The scope of the approach is not a rational response to the status quo of social relations should be reflected. Relatives precede the fact of the country, which determines the value and legitimacy of kinship ethics independent of political ethics. After abandoning the patriarchal factors, the traditional affection and its ethics are also the values that we must cherish today for morals and law.