目的探索Ｐ５３蛋白表达与ＤＮＡ倍体以及与其他临床指标的关系。方法我们用流式细胞仪双参数检测了７１例临床肿瘤手术标本的ＤＮＡ含量和Ｐ５３蛋白表达。其中良性肿瘤８例，卵巢癌４２例，肺癌１２例，乳腺癌９例。同时用免疫组化方法检测上述样本３２例的石蜡切片，作Ｐ５３蛋白表达检测。结果良性肿瘤８例，６例（７５％）两倍体，２例（２５％）异倍体，Ｐ５３均为阴性（１００％）。恶性肿瘤６３例，２２例两倍体，其中４例（１８％）Ｐ５３阳性，１８例（８２％）Ｐ５３阴性。４１例异倍体，其中２１例（５１％）Ｐ５３阳性，２０例（４９％）Ｐ５３阴性。经统计分析，免疫组化ＡＢＣ法和流式细胞仪法Ｐ５３蛋白表达检测两者有明显一致性（Ｐ＜０．００１）。Ｐ５３高表达与ＤＮＡｉｎｄｅｘ明显正相关（Ｐ＜０．００５）。在肿瘤良恶性，临床分期、病理分级比较中，Ｐ５３阳性表达只与ＤＮＡ异倍体密切相关（Ｐ＜０．０２５），与其他临床指标不相关。结论Ｐ５３阳性表达与ＤＮＡ异倍体密切相关，可能是肿瘤发生的机制之一。 Objective To explore the relationship between P53 protein expression and DNA ploidy and other clinical indicators. Methods We detected the DNA content and P53 protein expression of 71 clinical tumor surgical specimens by flow cytometry. There were 8 cases of benign tumors, 42 cases of ovarian cancer, 12 cases of lung cancer, and 9 cases of breast cancer. At the same time, 32 paraffin sections from the above samples were detected by immunohistochemistry to detect P53 protein expression. Results Benign tumors were found in 8 cases, 6 cases (75%) with double body, and 2 cases (25%) with aneuploids. P53 was negative (100%). There were 63 cases of malignant tumors and 22 cases of double body, of which 4 cases (18%) were positive for P53 and 18 cases (82%) were negative for P53. Among 41 aneuploids, 21 (51%) were P53 positive and 20 (49%) were P53 negative. After statistical analysis, there was a clear agreement between immunohistochemistry ABC method and flow cytometry P53 protein expression test (P<0.001). The high expression of P53 was positively correlated with DNA index (P<0.005). In the benign and malignant tumors, clinical stage, and pathological grade comparison, the positive expression of P53 was only closely related to DNA aneuploid (P<0.025), and was not related to other clinical indicators. Conclusion The positive expression of P53 is closely related to DNA heteroploid and may be one of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis.