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长期以来一种对于历史唯物主义学说的误解支配着马克思哲学的研究,这种误解是把历史唯物主义理解为知性的、实证的、经验的历史理论。由于这种误解遮蔽了历史唯物主义的本质,造成了许多对于马克思哲学的批判。然而,历史唯物主义实际上是马克思存在论革命的结晶,这种存在论革命是从西方近代的知识论范式向生存论范式的转换。物质生活领域是马克思的存在论革命的发生地,社会权力是物质生活领域支配性的力量,而资本就是现代的社会权力。于是,本文以物质生活领域——社会权力——资本为线索进行探讨,以期表明马克思的哲学革命是存在论革命及历史唯物主义性质是历史存在论的学说。唯有如此,我们才能发现马克思的学说的旺盛生命力与当代意义。
For a long time, a misunderstanding of the historical materialism theory dominates the study of Marxist philosophy. This misunderstanding is the understanding of historical materialism as intellectual, empirical and empirical historical theory. Because this misunderstanding obscures the essence of historical materialism, it has caused many criticisms of Marxist philosophy. However, historical materialism is actually the crystallization of the Marxist theory of ontological revolution. This kind of ontological revolution is a shift from the modern western epistemology to the theory of existentialism. The field of material life is the place where Marx’s ontological revolution took place. Social power is the dominant force in the field of material life, and capital is the modern social power. Therefore, this article explores the field of material life - social power - capital as a clue, in order to show that Marx’s philosophical revolution is an ontological revolution and the historical materialism is a theory of historical existentialism. Only in this way can we find out the vitality and the contemporary significance of Marx’s theory.