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目的探讨北京地区成人呼吸道感染的病原学流行特点,为临床诊疗提供病原学依据。方法采用间接免疫荧光法检测人血清中8种呼吸道病原体的Ig M抗体,根据不同性别、年龄、年份和季节的病原体阳性率进行统计分析。结果 1 219例患者中呼吸道病原体阳性率为49.4%,其中甲型流感病毒阳性率最高,其他依次为嗜肺军团菌、乙型流感病毒、肺炎支原体、副流感病毒、肺炎衣原体、腺病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒;呼吸道感染患者中男性患者病原体阳性率显著高于女性患者(P<0.01);不同年龄组病原体阳性率比较差异有统计学意义,以18~39岁年龄组最高,其次为40~59岁年龄组,上述两组病原体阳性率显著高于其他两个年龄组(P<0.01);不同年份病原体阳性率比较差异有统计学意义,2014年显著高于2013年(P<0.01);不同季节病原体的阳性率比较差异有统计学意义,春季显著高于夏季、秋季和冬季(P<0.01)。结论本地区成人呼吸道感染病原体阳性率在性别、年龄、年份和季节性存在差异,病原体以甲型流感病毒和嗜肺军团菌为主。
Objective To investigate the etiological characteristics of adult respiratory tract infection in Beijing and to provide etiological evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods IgM antibodies against eight respiratory pathogens in human serum were detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Statistical analysis was made on the positive rates of pathogens according to sex, age, year and season. Results The positive rate of respiratory pathogens among the 1 219 patients was 49.4%, of which the highest positive rate of influenza A virus was Legionella pneumophila, influenza B virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, parainfluenza virus, Chlamydia pneumoniae, adenovirus and respiratory tract Syncytial virus; the positive rate of pathogens in male patients was significantly higher than that in female patients (P <0.01); the positive rate of pathogens in different age groups was statistically significant, the highest was in 18-39 age group, followed by 40 ~ The positive rate of the two pathogens in the 59-year-old group was significantly higher than that in the other two age groups (P <0.01). The positive rate of the pathogen in different years was statistically significant, significantly higher in 2014 than that in 2013 (P <0.01) The positive rate of pathogens in different seasons was significant difference, the spring was significantly higher than the summer, autumn and winter (P <0.01). Conclusion The positive rates of adult respiratory pathogens in this region are different according to sex, age, year and seasonality. The pathogens are mainly influenza A and Legionella pneumophila.