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营养代谢紊乱是儿科重症监护病房中的常见问题，疾病常导致患儿营养状况恶化，而营养不良则不利于疾病预后。合理的能量消耗评估可为危重症患儿合理的营养支持提供理论依据。文章介绍相关的能量代谢评估方法，包括能量代谢测得法及公式预测法，并强调间接能量测定法的重要性；同时综述国内外研究情况及其临床应用现状。“,”Nutritional and metabolic disorders are the common problems in PICU. They often lead to deterioration in child nutrition and vice versa. Reasonable assessment of the energy consumption can provide theoretical basis for proper nutrition support in critically ill children. In this review, the methods of evaluating the energy consumption which included energy metabolism measurement and prediction equations were introduced, and the importance of indirect calorimetry was emphasized. Meanwhile, the research situation of energy consumption assessment at home and abroad and the current status of its clinical application were also reviewed.