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脱细胞神经基质是天然的神经支架结构,即采用适当方法去除同种异体(或异种)神经中的细胞及髓鞘成分,保留各层神经膜性结构支架。脱细胞基质构建的人工神经具有以下特性:可接纳神经轴突长入,对轴突再生起机械引导作用,残留部分生物活性因子。各种物理方法尽管取得一定的效果,但均无法清除细胞和髓鞘崩解产物,也即无法根本上降低移植物的抗原性,从而制约了这些方法的应用。应用三硝基甲苯X-100和脱氧胆酸钠溶液脱细胞较为彻底。既往研究表明,脱细胞神经进行宿主再细胞化后进行异体神经移植修复大鼠周围神经较短缺损,效果与不进行宿主再细胞化的脱细胞神经无显著性差异。在修复较短缺损(<3 cm)时,可能再细胞化意义不大,修复较长缺损(>3 cm)时,再细胞化可能会弥补宿主细胞迁移能力的不足。建立标准化、可普遍接受的动物实验研究模式非常必要。选择大动物为实验对象,力求尽可能接近人体生理功能;建立对损伤和修复效果的评估标准,获得大量有效、可靠的实验数据,将使实验研究成果更具实际意义和临床应用价值。
Acellular nerve matrix is a natural nerve scaffold structure, that is, using appropriate methods to remove allogeneic (or heterogeneous) nerve cells and myelin components, retaining the various layers of nerve membrane scaffolds. Acellular nerve cells constructed by the artificial nerve has the following characteristics: to accept the nerve axons grow into the axon regeneration from the mechanical guidance, the residual part of the biological activity factor. Although a variety of physical methods to achieve a certain effect, but they can not clear cells and myelin disintegration products, that is, can not fundamentally reduce the antigenicity of the graft, which restricts the application of these methods. Application of trinitrotoluene X-100 and sodium deoxycholate solution acellular more complete. Previous studies have shown that, after decellularization of decellularized nerve cells, allogeneic nerve grafts are used to repair short peripheral nerve defects in rats, and the effect is not significantly different from that of decellularized denervation without host decellularization. When repairing a shorter defect (<3 cm), it may not be much more cytolytic, and when repairing a longer defect (> 3 cm), re-cellification may make up for the lack of host cell migration ability. It is necessary to establish a standardized and universally accepted animal experimental research model. Select large animals as experimental subjects, and strive to be as close as possible to human physiological functions; to establish the evaluation criteria for damage and repair effect, to obtain a large number of valid and reliable experimental data, the experimental research results will have more practical significance and clinical value.