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传统的水处理消毒技术使用含氯消毒剂和臭氧等化学品,容易产生有毒的副产物。紫外线消毒技术不使用化学试剂且不产生副产物,因此得到广泛应用。但是紫外线仅破坏致病微生物的遗传物质,阻断其繁殖,一些致病微生物能够修复紫外损伤恢复活性。光催化过程产生的羟基自由基不但能氧化分解DNA,还能破坏细胞膜并氧化流出的胞内物质,进而能彻底杀死微生物。由于紫外光和自由基同时参与灭菌,灭活速度也比紫外消毒快,因此具有较好的应用前景。本文综述了光催化产生的各种氧化性自由基的消毒原理,介绍了光催化剂分别与金属颗粒、纳米碳材料和微生物适配子构成的复合光催化消毒材料,在此基础上总结了薄膜反应器、固定床反应器和膜分离反应器在光催化消毒领域的研究进展。
Traditional water treatment disinfection techniques use chemicals such as chlorine-containing disinfectants and ozone, which can easily produce toxic by-products. UV disinfection technology does not use chemicals and does not produce by-products, it has been widely used. However, UV only destroys the genetic material of the pathogenic microorganisms, blocking their reproduction, and some pathogenic microorganisms can repair UV damage recovery activity. The hydroxyl radical produced by the photocatalytic process can not only oxidize and decompose DNA, but also destroy the cell membrane and oxidize the efflux of the intracellular material, thereby thoroughly killing the microorganism. Due to UV light and free radicals involved in sterilization at the same time, inactivation speed than UV disinfection, so has a good prospect. In this paper, the principle of disinfection of various oxidative free radicals produced by photocatalysis is reviewed. The photocatalytic disinfection materials composed of photocatalyst and metal particles, carbon nanomaterials and microbial aptamers are introduced respectively. On the basis of this, Research Progress in Photocatalytic Disinfection of Fixed Bed Reactor and Membrane Separation Reactor.