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绪 言 烃类这个词由于用在不同的地方而其含义可能被混淆,例如通常地质学家所指的“固态烃”并不是化学上的烃类。烃类的定义是在它们的分子结构中仅仅含碳原子和氢原子。既然烃类是石油的主要组份,它们在沉积岩中的产状长期引起了地质学家和地球化学家的兴趣。数量不多的烃类到处与有机物质相伴生,并且是有机物质的一个天然部分,不论其是活的生物抑或是在沉积岩中呆了几百万年的死的生物。Baker(1962)和Philippi(1956)曾经指出在页岩和泥岩中烃类与有机物质的关系。所有
INTRODUCTION The term hydrocarbon may be confused because its meaning is used in different places. For example, the term “solid hydrocarbon” usually referred to by geologists is not a chemical hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons are defined as having only carbon and hydrogen atoms in their molecular structure. Since hydrocarbons are the major components of petroleum, their occurrence in sedimentary rocks has long aroused the interest of geologists and geochemists. A small number of hydrocarbons are associated with organic matter and are a natural part of organic matter, whether it be living organisms or dead creatures that have lived in sedimentary rocks for millions of years. Baker (1962) and Philippi (1956) have pointed out the relationship between hydrocarbons and organic matter in shale and mudstone. all