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目的了解山东省平邑县肾综合征出血热(HFRS)的流行趋势,为制订综合防治措施提供科学依据。方法利用平邑县1980-2006年HFRS发病资料、宿主动物监测资料等,应用描述流行病学分析方法进行流行趋势分析。结果1980-2006年共报告HFRS病例9519例,年均发病率26.28/10万,死亡277例,病死率2.91%,发病率高峰期出现在1992-1998年;HFRS发病呈周期性变化,流行周期3～5年,主要集中于春季和秋冬季,高发区域多位于河网平原地带,病例以男性青壮年农民为主;病死率呈下降趋势,秋冬季病死率大于春季。鼠密度高峰在第3季度,鼠带病毒率第4季度最高。结论平邑县HFRS的流行呈现出周期性、季节性和人群聚集性的特点。近年来,HFRS发病率和病死率虽有较大下降,但人群发病率、鼠密度和鼠带病毒率仍维持在较高水平。为控制HFRS的流行,必须实施以“灶点灭鼠”、重点人群接种HFRS疫苗为主的综合性防制措施。
Objective To understand the epidemic trend of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Pingyi County of Shandong Province and provide a scientific basis for formulating comprehensive prevention and treatment measures. Methods According to epidemiological data of HFRS in Pingyi County from 1980 to 2006 and monitoring data of host animals, the epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the epidemiological trend. Results A total of 9519 cases of HFRS were reported from 1980 to 2006, with an average annual incidence of 26.28 / 100 000, 277 deaths and a case fatality rate of 2.91%. The incidence peaked in 1992-1998. The incidence of HFRS showed a cyclical change, 3 to 5 years, mainly concentrated in the spring and autumn and winter, high-incidence areas are mostly located in the plains of the river network, the cases are dominated by young male farmers; the mortality shows a downward trend, the mortality in autumn and winter is greater than that in spring. Rodent densities peaked at Q3 in the fourth quarter with the highest rate of rodent viruses. Conclusion The prevalence of HFRS in Pingyi County is periodic, seasonal and crowded. In recent years, HFRS morbidity and mortality have dropped significantly, but the population incidence, rat density and rat virus rate remained at a high level. In order to control the epidemic of HFRS, we must implement a comprehensive prevention and control measures based on HFRS vaccination of “Foci deratization” and key population vaccination.