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研究区域气候变化对草原牧草生长的影响,对于指导农牧业生产及应对气候变化等具有重要的实践价值。基于内蒙古东部草原34个气象站50年和3个牧业气象试验站27年的气象及牧草物候期数据,研究了气候变化对优势牧草生长季的影响。结果表明:(1)研究区域年、春季、夏季和秋季平均气温均呈显著升高趋势,降水量变化春季呈微升的态势,其余时段呈微降的趋势;气候暖干化趋势明显。(2)春季气温升高有促进优势牧草返青日期提前的效应,气温每升高1℃,鄂温克旗、额尔古纳市羊草(Leymus chinensis)和贝加尔针茅(Stipa baicalensis)返青日期提前1.7～1.9d。(3)夏、秋季气温升高均有促进优势牧草黄枯日期推后的效应,气温每升高1℃,额尔古纳市羊草和贝加尔针茅黃枯日期推迟2.0～2.3d。(4)夏、秋季气温每升高1℃,额尔古纳市贝加尔针茅生长季分别延长3.3和3.7d;在巴雅尔吐胡硕秋季气温每升高1℃,冰草(Agropyron cristatum)生长季缩短2.8d。
Studying the impact of regional climate change on the growth of grassland herbage has important practical value in guiding agricultural and livestock husbandry production and coping with climate change. Based on the meteorological and pastoral phenophase data of 34 weather stations in the Inner Mongolia grassland for 50 years and 3 pastoral weather stations for 27 years, the effects of climate change on the dominant forage growing season were studied. The results showed that: (1) The average annual temperature in spring, summer, autumn and autumn in the study area all showed a significant increase trend. The change in precipitation showed a slight increase in spring and a slight decrease in the rest of the study period. The trend of climate warming and drying was obvious. (2) The warming of spring had the effect of promoting the early turning back of forage, and the temperature of turning back on Lewenus chinensis and Stipa baicalensis in Ewenki Banner and Ergun was 1.7 ~ 1.9d. (3) The increase of temperature in summer and autumn had the effect of promoting the yellow fescue date of the dominant forage. When the temperature was increased by 1 ℃, the yellow foxtail dates of Leymus chinensis and Stipa baicalensis in Erguna were postponed for 2.0 ~ 2.3 days. (4) When the air temperature in summer and autumn increased by 1 ℃, the growing season of Siberian Stipa baicalensis in Erguna was prolonged by 3.3 and 3.7 days, respectively. When the temperature of autumn was raised by 1 ℃ in autumn, Agropyron cristatum Shorter 2.8d growing season.