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本文介绍用激光照准法测定大坝水平位移的基本原理;讨论准直误差的来源及减小它们所采取的措施;同时给出一些试验现场所获得的效果。激光准直是激光问世后应用最早的技术之一。在一些低精度、短距离的应用(如矿井指向、打桩定位、船体放样等)中容易满足要求,国内外已有各种类型激光照准仪成品出售。但是,在一些高精度、远距离的应用中,如大坝、海堤等的水平位移测量,尚无现成仪器出售,目前仍要靠使用单位自行解决。要制作出能达到实用水平的仪器,就需解决一些原理和技术上的问题。本文结合我们的工作,介绍激光照准仪测定大坝水平位移的基本原理;分析影响准直精度的因素及误差来源;并提出一些减小准直误差的措施及其效果。
In this paper, we introduce the basic principle of laser horizontal collimation method for determining horizontal displacement of dam. Discuss the sources of collimation errors and the measures taken to reduce them. At the same time, some experimental results are given. Laser collimation is one of the earliest techniques used after the laser was introduced. In some low-precision, short-range applications (such as mine orientation, piling positioning, hull lofting, etc.) easily meet the requirements, both at home and abroad have all types of laser aligner finished products for sale. However, in some high-precision and long-distance applications, such as dam, seawall and other horizontal displacement measurement, there is no ready-made equipment for sale, and still rely on the use of units to solve their own. To produce instruments that can reach practical levels, some principles and technical problems need to be solved. Based on our work, this paper introduces the basic principle of laser altimetry to measure horizontal displacement of dam; analyzes the factors affecting the accuracy of collimation and the sources of error; and puts forward some measures to reduce the collimation error and its effects.