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为了对新疆杂草黑麦的种质鉴定、起源分析、良种培育和遗传多样性研究提供依据,采用常规压片法制片结合显微摄影技术,分析了3个新疆杂草黑麦居群和1个栽培黑麦品种的核型并比较他们的异同点。结果表明,四种黑麦材料的染色体均为二倍体,染色体数目为14,不同材料之间染色体形态具有丰富的多态性。新疆杂草黑麦居群89R4的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=14=12m+2sm,除第7对为近中着丝粒染色体外,其余染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体,核型不对称系数为61.70%,核型类型为1A型,属于基本对称型。新疆杂草黑麦居群89R14的核型公式为2n=2x=14=8m+6sm(2sat),除第5、6、7对为近中着丝粒染色体外,其余染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体,其第7对染色体具有随体,核型不对称系数为60.88%,核型类型为2A型,属于基本对称型。新疆杂草黑麦居群89R60的核型公式为2n=2x=14=14m(2sat),其全部染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体,第3对染色体具有随体,核型不对称系数为60.47%,核型类型为1A型,属于基本对称型。栽培黑麦材料H36的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+4sm,除第5、6对为近中着丝粒染色体外,其余染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体,核型不对称系数为61.20%,核型类型为1A型,属于基本对称型。
In order to provide the basis for the germplasm identification, origin analysis, breeding of elite rye and genetic diversity in Xinjiang weeds rye, three tablet weeds rye populations and 1 Karyotypes of cultivated rye varieties and their similarities and differences. The results showed that the chromosomes of four rye materials were all diploid, the number of chromosomes was 14, and the chromosomes of different materials had rich polymorphism. Xinjiang weeds rye population 89R4 chromosome karyotype formula 2n = 2x = 14 = 12m +2sm, except for the first seven pairs of mesocosm chromosomes, the rest of the chromosomes were intermediate centromeric chromosome karyotype The symmetry coefficient is 61.70% and the karyotype type is 1A, belonging to the basic symmetry type. The karyotype of 89R14 in Xinjiang weed rye population is 2n = 2x = 14 = 8m + 6sm (2sat). Except for the 5th, 6th and 7th pairs, which are near mesocosm, the rest of the chromosomes are intermediate Chromosomes, chromosome 7 with a satellite, the karyotype asymmetry coefficient of 60.88%, karyotype type 2A type, belonging to the basic symmetry. The karyotype of Xinjiang weed rye population 89R60 was 2n = 2x = 14 = 14m (2sat). All the chromosomes of the weed rye population were intermediate centromere chromosomes. The chromosome 3 of the weed rye population had a karyotype of 60.47 %, Karyotype type 1A, is a basic symmetry. The chromosome karyotype of cultivated rye material H36 was 2n = 2x = 14 = 10m + 4sm. Except for the 5th and 6th pairs, the other chromosomes were intermediate centromeric chromosomes and the karyotypes were asymmetric The coefficient is 61.20%, and the karyotype is type 1A, belonging to the basic symmetry type.