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对拦截导弹推进系统采取屏蔽核战中核武器释放出的X射线的措施,势必会使系统的重量显著增加。对设计人员来说,屏蔽是用来降低推进系统固体推进剂装药中X射线剂量的一种有效的方法。在X射线的辐照下,推进系统因固体推进剂的弹道性能和机械性能出现不容许的变化或过早点火,或两者皆出现而失效。本文针对各种各样的发动机壳体材料、核武器能谱和核爆炸的X射线流量级,确定了防护固体推进剂装药免受X射线辐射所需要的屏蔽重量。同时,在确定屏蔽厚度必须满足使推进剂中的X射线剂量最多不得超过2卡/克的条件下,对有关屏蔽问题进行了研究。此外,还研究了沃切尔提出的经验设计方程,而且当与使用能量沉积计算机计算程序得到的结果相比时,发现该公式是错误的。在典型的拦截导弹设计中,研究了石墨、玻璃纤维和凯夫拉发动机的壳体材料。本文只研究了两个等厚度和等强度的设计方案。对黑体温度由2到15千电子伏范围内的武器能谱和最高达100卡/厘米~2的X射线流量级进行了研究。X射线的屏蔽材料是碳化钽。对1.27厘米厚的发动机壳体来说,为了保护固体推进剂,要求屏蔽重量约为1.6克/厘米~2。这就是说,一种典型的拦截导弹其屏蔽的总重量为129公斤(285磅)左右。
The measures taken against the missile propulsion system to shield X-rays released by nuclear weapons in nuclear warfare will inevitably lead to a significant increase in the weight of the system. For designers, shielding is an effective way to reduce the dose of x-rays used to propel the system’s solid propellant charge. Under X-ray irradiation, propulsion systems fail due to impermissible changes in the ballistic and mechanical properties of solid propellants or premature ignition, or both. In this paper, X-ray flux levels for a wide variety of engine case materials, nuclear power spectrum, and nuclear explosions determine the shielding weight required to shield a solid propellant charge from X-ray radiation. At the same time, shielding problems have been studied in cases where the shielding thickness must be such that the maximum dose of X-ray in the propellant should not exceed 2 cal / g. In addition, the empirical design equations proposed by Watlow were also studied and found to be wrong when compared to the results obtained using energy-deposition computerized programs. In a typical interceptor missile design, shell materials for graphite, fiberglass, and Kevlar engines were studied. This article only studies two designs of equal thickness and strength. The blackbody temperature was studied by the weapon energy spectrum in the range of 2 to 15 keV and the X-ray flow rate up to 100 cal / cm 2. X-ray shielding material is tantalum carbide. For 1.27 cm thick engine housings, a shielding weight of about 1.6 g / cm2 is required to protect the solid propellant. This means that a typical interceptor missile has a total shield weight of about 129 kilograms (285 pounds).