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易燃易爆物所引起的人体颌面部的爆炸性损伤与常规外伤既有相同点,又有其独特的致伤因素。爆炸主要以高速破片、冲击波、化学烧伤3个方面对机体造成损伤,呈现出多发伤、复合伤、异物伤等特点。当爆炸发生于颌面部时,除引发牙颌损伤外,易伴发颅脑与呼吸道的损伤,引起休克或窒息。通过雷管、球形爆炸源等建立实验动物的爆炸伤模型,对分析了解爆炸伤的特点和治疗作用具有重要的意义。本文从爆炸伤的致伤机制、损伤特点和实验动物研究进行综述,并阐述了临床对爆炸伤的处理原则。
Explosive damage to the human maxillofacial region caused by inflammable and explosive materials has the same points as conventional trauma, but also has its unique injury factors. Explosions mainly to high-speed fragments, shock waves, chemical burns three aspects of damage to the body, showing multiple injuries, multiple injuries, foreign body injury and so on. When the explosion occurred in the maxillofacial region, in addition to causing dental jaw injury, easily accompanied by brain and respiratory tract injury, causing shock or asphyxia. It is of great significance to analyze the characteristics and the therapeutic effects of blast injury by establishing detonation injury models of experimental animals through detonators and spherical explosion sources. In this paper, the mechanism of injury, the characteristics of injury and the study of experimental animals were reviewed, and the principles of clinical treatment of explosive injuries were expounded.