换热器性能的设计指标与实际值偏差的大小，是用户和制造厂家共同关心的问题。目前对这种偏差的估算方法及估算值指标尚未形成共识，因此时有争议发生。本文提出了热管换热器换热量设计误差的估算方法，并以锅炉烟气余热回收装置中的重力热管换热器为例，运用误差理论进行分析计算，找出了产生换热量设计偏差的５个误差源，并给出了计算结果。 Heat exchanger design performance indicators and the actual value of the size of the deviation, the user and manufacturer of common concern. At present there is no consensus on how to estimate this deviation and on the indicators of the estimated value, so controversy has taken place. In this paper, the heat pipe heat exchanger heat transfer design error estimation method, and the boiler flue gas heat recovery unit in the gravity heat pipe heat exchanger as an example, the use of error analysis and calculation of the theory to find out the heat transfer design deviation The five error sources are given and the calculation results are given.