萨林斯是美国著名文化学者,他的《文化与实践理性》一书从文化人类学角度对马克思的历史唯物主义学说提出诘难,认为马克思把“生产”概念自然化,忽视了生产过程中文化象征图式的重大作用,从而在深层逻辑上支持了资本主义的生产意识形态。本文依据马克思原典指出,历史唯物主义学说最本质的内容,是马克思根据生产力与生产关系的辩证原理对资本主义生产关系的批判。因此马克思的生产概念首先是一个意识形态的批判性概念,它要颠覆的不是生产力本身,而是生产的资本主义制度条件。 Salins was a famous American cultural scholar. His “Culture and Practical Reason” book embarrassed Marxist historical materialism from the perspective of cultural anthropology. He thought that Marx naturalized the concept of “production” and neglected the culture of production process Symbolizing the great role of schemata, thus supporting the ideology of capitalist production in deep logic. According to Marx’s original text, this article points out that the most essential content of the historical materialism is Marx’s critique of the capitalist relations of production based on the dialectical principle of the productive forces and the relations of production. Therefore, Marx’s concept of production is, above all, a critical concept of ideology. It is not the productive forces themselves that are to be overthrown, but the conditions of the capitalist system of production.