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目的探讨制鞋业女性农民工抑郁症状与职业紧张和生活压力的关系。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,以福州市制鞋企业300名无抑郁症状的女性农民工为调查对象,采用流行病学研究抑郁量表、付出-回报失衡量表和生活压力水平调查问卷对其进行为期1年的追踪调查。结果与第1次调查结果比较显示,追踪对象抑郁症状评分从原来的10.00(7.00,13.00)分增加为11.00(8.00,16.00)分(P<0.01)。抑郁症状评分比较,职业紧张高水平组高于职业紧张低水平组[13.00(9.00,18.00)vs 10.00(7.00,14.00),P<0.01)];生活压力高水平组高于生活压力低水平组[13.00(9.00,17.00)vs 10.00(7.00,14.00),P<0.05]。抑郁症发生率比较,职业紧张高水平组高于职业紧张低水平组(35.33%vs 17.96%,P<0.01);生活压力高水平组高于生活压力低水平组(34.33%vs18.67%,P<0.01)。结论生活压力和职业紧张可能增加了女性农民工的抑郁症状发生率,今后需要针对职业人群采取相应的干预措施。
Objective To explore the relationship between depressive symptoms and occupational stress and life pressure of female migrant workers in footwear industry. Methods A total of 300 female migrant workers without depression in Fuzhou shoemaking enterprise were selected as the research objects. The epidemiological study of depression scale, pay-return imbalance scale and life stress level questionnaire were used in this study. Conduct a one-year follow-up survey. Results Compared with the results of the first survey, the depressive symptom scores of the tracing subjects increased from the original 10.00 (7.00,13.00) to 11.00 (8.00, 16.00) points (P <0.01). Compared with the depression group, the high stress group was higher than the low stress group [13.00 (9.00, 18.00) vs 10.00 (7.00, 14.00), P <0.01); the high stress group was higher than the low stress group [13.00 (9.00, 17.00) vs 10.00 (7.00, 14.00), P <0.05]. The prevalence of depression was higher in the group with higher occupational stress than in the group with low occupational stress (35.33% vs 17.96%, P <0.01); the group with high stress was higher than the group with low stress (34.33% vs18.67% P <0.01). Conclusions Life stress and occupational stress may increase the incidence of depressive symptoms among female migrant workers. In the future, appropriate interventions should be taken for occupational groups.