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药材鉴别的历史和药材应用的历史同样古老和悠久。几千年来我国劳动人民积累了鉴别药材的宝贵经验,不使用仪器试剂只凭眼看、鼻闻、口尝等办法就能鉴别药材的真伪优劣。笔者在搜集丹方秘谱时,看到清代抄本《集验单方》一册,上铃“荣德先生遗命捐赠”方形图记,内载药材鉴别经验数则。爱特摘出,并略加评释。《集验单方》(下简称“单方”)“选录丹方汇编”: “贸药辨真假凡药必选原枝定切方妙。若现成切片者,恐真伪高下难辨。”单靠局部外形来鉴定药物是不够的,除特别有经验经的人外,一般容易出现错误。“选原枝”便于区别真假,也便于决定高下。
The history of medicinal herbs identification and the history of herbal medicine applications are as old and long. For thousands of years, the working people of our country have accumulated valuable experience in identifying medicinal materials. Without using instrumental reagents, the authenticity and inferiority of medicinal materials can be identified only by sight-seeing, nose-smelling, and taste. When the author collected Dangfang secret spectrum, he saw a copy of the Qing Dynasty transcript of the collection of unilateral examinations, and took a bell from the “Mr. Rongde’s will to donate” square chart, containing the number of experience in the identification of herbs. Arter extracted and commented slightly. “Inspection of unilateral prescriptions” (hereinafter referred to as “unilateral”) “Select Danfang Compilation”: “Trade medicine distinguishes between true and false medicines and must select the original branch and cut Fang Miao. If ready-made slicers, they will not be able to distinguish between true and false.” It is not enough to identify medicines by their local appearance alone, and it is generally prone to errors except those who have special experience. “Selecting the original branch” makes it easy to distinguish between true and false, and it also facilitates decision making.