德国历史学家斯宾格勒在他的名著《西方的段落》一书中说到,世界历史上曾出现过八种高级文明。而被誉为“近代以来最伟大的史学家”的英国人——阿诺德·汤恩比,则在他的《历史研究》中说,人类社会曾出现过21种、26种乃至37种文明。人们现在都知道,除了四大文明古国,还有基督教文明、拜占庭和俄罗斯的东正教文明、玛雅文明等。但不可否认的是,这些时间跨度 Spengler, a German historian, said in his book The Western Paragraph that there have been eight high-level civilizations in world history. Aron Thornby, known as “the greatest historian in modern times,” said in his “Historical Study,” that there have been 21 species, 26 species, and 37 species in human society civilization. People now know that, in addition to the four ancient civilizations, Christian civilization, Byzantium and Russia’s Orthodox civilization, the Mayan civilization. But it is undeniable that these time spans