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继多年贸易顺差之后,2005年中国的贸易顺差金额再创新高,达到1018．8亿美元。与此同时,外商直接投资流入额也持续增长, 达到了603亿美元。作为经常账户、资本账户顺差的结果,去年12月末,中国的外汇储备达到了创纪录的8189亿美元,比2004年同期增长了2089亿美元。在贵金属本位时代,一国贸易顺差必然导致贵金属输入。贵金属本身就是财富,因此顺差等同于国家财富的增加。此外,按照马克思的经典解释,如果输入的贵金属能够通过顺差国国内商品相对价格的变化,导致本国生产关系变化,该国将在国际竞争中取得特殊的制度优势。
After many years of trade surplus, China’s trade surplus hit a new high in 2005, reaching 101.88 billion U.S. dollars. At the same time, foreign direct investment inflows also continued to grow, reaching 60.3 billion U.S. dollars. As a result of current account and capital account surpluses, at the end of December last year, China’s foreign exchange reserves reached a record 818.9 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 208.9 billion U.S. dollars over the same period of 2004. In the era of precious metals, a country’s trade surplus will inevitably lead to the import of precious metals. Precious metal itself is wealth, so the surplus is equivalent to the increase of national wealth. In addition, according to Marx’s classical explanation, if the imported precious metal can change its domestic production relations through changes in the relative prices of domestic goods in surplus countries, the country will gain special institutional advantages in international competition.