小鼠脱脚病(ecteromelia)又名鼠痘(mousepox),是由鼠痘病毒引起的一种自发性高度接触性传染病。本病常呈暴发性流行,致死率较高,常造成全群淘汰,危害极大。患鼠以肢、尾、嘴等肿胀、溃烂、坏死,仍至患肢脚脱落为特征,故称“脱脚病”。该病最初由英国学者Machol(1930)报道。我国首次报道为汤飞凡和王用辑于1951年描述了北京中央生物制品研究所发生该病的情况。迄今报道甚少,且未见有临 Ecteromelia, also known as mousepox, is a spontaneous, highly contagious disease caused by the mouse poxvirus. The disease is often explosive epidemic, a higher fatality rate, often resulting in elimination of the whole group, endangering great. Rats with limbs, tail, mouth and other swelling, ulceration, necrosis, and limbs are still falling off characteristics of the limbs, so called “off the foot disease.” The disease was first reported by British scholar Machol (1930). The first case reported in China for Tang Fei-fan and Wang Yi-ji in 1951 described the occurrence of the disease at Beijing Central Biological Products Research Institute. So far there are few reports, and there is no immediate