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目的分析研究石油沥青在轧钢工业使用过程中产生的职业病危害因素。方法在实验室条件下,定性分析沥青样本所含的化学物质种类。通过现场职业卫生学调查,了解作业场所石油沥青的使用情况,定性和定量分析现场沥青烟职业病危害因素的种类和浓度。结果常温下石油沥青主要含有烷类、酮类、醇类、醛类等化学物质;加热至300℃～400℃时,沥青烟检出物质除烷类、酮类、醇类、醛类之外,还包括萘、蒽、菲、呋喃、酚类等;在工业应用过程中,石油沥青被加热至1200℃～1300℃,作业场所沥青烟除可检出上述物质外,还有苯并(a)芘。结论石油沥青在不同温度的情况下,产生的职业病危害因素种类差异较大,温度越高产生的危害因素越多;工业应用中,沥青烟中含有多环芳烃类化合物,存在一定的致癌性,对人体的健康危害较严重。
Objective To analyze and study the hazard factors of occupational diseases in the process of using petroleum bitumen in the rolling industry. Methods Qualitative analysis of chemical species contained in asphalt samples under laboratory conditions. Through on-site occupational hygiene survey, understand the use of petroleum asphalt in the workplace, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the types and concentrations of occupational hazards in the site asphalt fume. Results Petroleum bitumen mainly contains alkanes, ketones, alcohols and aldehydes at room temperature. When heated to 300-400 ° C, the bitumen smoke detected substances except alkanes, ketones, alcohols and aldehydes , Also include naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, furan, phenols, etc .; in the process of industrial applications, the petroleum pitch is heated to 1200 ℃ ~ 1300 ℃, in addition to asphalt smoke can be detected in the above-mentioned substances, ) Pyrene. Conclusions Petroleum asphalt has different types of occupational hazards at different temperatures, and the more harmful factors are produced when the temperature is higher. In industrial applications, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are contained in asphalt fumes and have certain carcinogenicity, The health of the human body more seriously.