光晶格是一种人造光晶体,它是由反向传播激光束干涉形成的周期性势阱构成的。光晶格的周期、势深等参量可以通过调节激光的强度和频率等来准确控制。作为一个纯净可控的实验平台,光晶格已经逐渐成长为模拟多体系统的最便利的工具之一。文章对光晶格中冷原子进行了简单的介绍,重点阐述了玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚、激光冷却、光晶格和量子相变等内容。 The optical lattice is a kind of artificial optical crystal, which is composed of the periodic potential well formed by the interference of back-propagation laser beams. Light lattice cycle, potential and other parameters can be adjusted by adjusting the intensity and frequency of laser to accurately control. As a purely controlled experimental platform, optical lattices have gradually grown into one of the most convenient tools for simulating multi-body systems. In this paper, the cold atoms in the optical lattice are briefly introduced, and the contents of Bose-Einstein condensation, laser cooling, optical lattice and quantum phase transition are mainly elaborated.