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在世界性经济结构大调整的历史背景下,许多国家纷纷把注意力从促进总量增长转到优化产业结构上来,在结构转换中求效益、求速度。这就产生了一种产业结构梯度转移现象,突出表现为发达国家把淘汰产业转移到新兴工业化国家,新兴工业化国家又将自己的淘汰产业转移到其他发展中国家。在这种梯度转移过程中,有的地区抓住了机遇,不断实现自己产业结构的调整升级,成了产业结构梯度转移的受益者。而汕头特区自1981年创办以来,经济高速增长,但结构不合理及低水平的问题仍很突出,相对而言亚洲“四小龙”及我国深圳在这方面的成功,对汕头既是促进也是鞭策。本文拟就此进行些探讨。
In the historical context of a major readjustment of the world economic structure, many countries have shifted their attention from promoting the growth of the total output to optimizing the industrial structure, seeking efficiency and seeking speed in the structural transformation. This resulted in a gradient shift in the industrial structure, highlighted by the fact that developed countries shifted their phase-out industries to newly industrialized countries and newly industrialized countries in turn shifted their phase-out industries to other developing countries. In this process of gradient transfer, some regions have seized the opportunity and continuously realized the adjustment and upgrading of their industrial structure, becoming the beneficiaries of the gradient transfer of industrial structure. Since the establishment of Shantou Special Economic Zone in 1981, the economy has been growing at a high speed. However, the issue of irrational structure and low-level structure remains outstanding. In contrast, the success of the “four small dragons” in Asia and Shenzhen in China are both stimulative and spur to Shantou. This article intends to explore some of this.