目的　了解武汉市近10年1～3岁儿童乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗接种率、乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)携带率及孕产妇乙肝病毒(HBV)感染等情况。方法　采用分层多阶段随机抽样法将全市分为两层(城区和郊区) ,分别于1992、1994、1999、2 0 0 3年分4次对适龄儿童进行了调查,共调查2 2. 4 3名儿童。结果　随着郊区乙肝疫苗接种工作的加强和深入,城郊差距逐渐缩小。儿童HBsAg携带率从1992年的9 0. 9%下降到2 0 0 3年的1 2. 9% ,下降了85 81% ;乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗 HBs)阳性率从1992年的4 2 . 4 2 %上升到2 0 0 3年的83 19%。2 0 0 3年调查显示:HBsAg携带率、抗 HBs阳性率城郊差异无显著的统计学意义(χ2 =0 .16 2 4、1 5 4 .17,P均>0 .0 5 )。结论　2 0 0 2年乙肝疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫后,加强全市的乙肝疫苗接种工作,迅速扭转工作滑坡的局面,是今后工作的重点。 Objective To understand the hepatitis B (hepatitis B) vaccination rate, the carrier rate of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among pregnant women aged 1-3 years in Wuhan in recent 10 years. Methods The stratified multi-stage random sampling method was used to divide the whole city into two levels (urban and suburban), and investigated the school-aged children in four times in 1992, 1994 and 1999 respectively, and investigated a total of 2.4 3 children. Results With the intensification and deepening of hepatitis B vaccination in the suburbs, the gap between suburbs gradually narrowed. The carrier rate of HBsAg in children dropped from 9 0.9% in 1992 to 119.2% in 2003, with a decrease of 85.81%. The positive rate of HBsAg in children was 42% in 1992. 4 2% to 83 19% in 2003. According to the 2003 survey, there was no significant difference in suburban suburbs between HBsAg carrier rate and anti-HBs positive rate (χ2 = 0.1624,1.54.17, P <0.05). Conclusions After the hepatitis B vaccine was included in the planned immunization of children in 2002, strengthening the city’s hepatitis B vaccination work and quickly reversing the situation of landslide are the focuses of future work.