AIM: Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, and it plays a role in stimulating the growth hormone secretion, food intake,body weight gain and gastric motility. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori(H pylori) was shown to be associated with increase of the body weight. On the other hand, H pylori infection evokes the release of gastric IL-1β. The present study was designed to investigate the involvement of the gastric IL-1 signal in the ghrelin dynamics in H pyloricolonized mice.METHODS: Twelve-week-old female IL-1-receptor type 1-homozygous-knockout mice (IL-1R1-/-) and their wild-type littermates (WT) were orally inoculated with H pylori (Hp group), while other cohorts received oral inoculation of culture medium (Cont group). Thirteen weeks after the inoculation, the mice were examined. The plasma and stomach ghrelin levels and the gastric preproghrelin mRNA were measured.RESULTS: Although the WT mice with H pylori infection showed a significantly decreased body weight as compared with that of the animals without H pylori infection,H pylori infection did not influence the body weight of the IL-1R1-knockout (IL-1R1-/-) mice. In the H pylori-infected IL-1R1-/-mice, the total and active ghrelin levels in the plasma were significantly increased, and the gastric ghrelin level was decreased. No significant differences were noted in the gastric preproghrelin mRNA expression.CONCLUSION: Ghrelin secretion triggered by H pylori infection might be suppressed by IL-1β, the release of which is also induced by the infection, resulting in the body weight loss of mice with H pylori infection.