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目的:了解婴幼儿及学龄儿童体内铁、锌、钙等元素的含量,探寻微量元素失衡的综合防治措施。方法:在儿童保健门诊随机抽取523例儿童,分为婴儿组、幼儿组、学龄前组及学龄期组,采用原子吸收光谱法检测全血铁、锌、钙、镁、铜、铅含量。结果:523例儿童中,缺锌69%(361/523),缺铁43.4%(227/523),铜、镁、铅无明显失衡。少数民族儿童铅和锌的含量高于汉族儿童,钙和铁的含量低于汉族儿童。男童钙含量低于女童,铅含量高于女童。不同年龄组儿童全血铁、锌、钙、镁、铜、铅含量差异均有统计学意义,且各年龄组儿童铅含量有随年龄升高的趋势。结论:婴幼儿期为生长发育最快时期,易缺乏锌、铁等元素,应均衡饮食,合理补充微量元素,以保证婴幼儿健康成长。
Objective: To understand the contents of iron, zinc, calcium and other elements in infants and children and to explore the comprehensive prevention and control measures of the imbalance of trace elements. Methods: A total of 523 children were randomly divided into infants, toddler group, pre-school age group and school-age group at child health clinic. The content of iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, copper and lead in whole blood was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: Among 523 children, zinc deficiency was 69% (361/523) and iron deficiency was 43.4% (227/523). There was no obvious imbalance between copper, magnesium and lead. Minority children have higher levels of lead and zinc than Han children, with less calcium and iron than Han children. Boys have lower levels of calcium than girls and more lead than girls. The contents of iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, copper, and lead in whole blood of children of different age groups were significantly different, and the content of lead in children of all ages had a trend of increasing with age. Conclusion: Infancy is the fastest growing period. It is easy to lack zinc, iron and other elements. It should be balanced diet and trace elements to ensure the healthy growth of infants and children.