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抑制是个体信息加工活动中的一项重要机能,与激活一起保证认知加工系统顺利地完成各种机能,它被定义为通过将与任务无关的信息排斥进入并保持在工作记忆的方式保证作业成绩的基本认知压抑。心理学界对抑制进行的研究由来已久,早在19世纪晚期抑制机制就在早期的学习和遗忘理论中占有重要的地位。但由于时代精神的改变,到20世纪五六十年代后,对于早期抑制理论的关注大大减少。近年来,由于以信息加工为主导的认知心理学的兴起,以及神经生理学和神经网络的联结主义模型所提供的研究证据的支持,以“信息的激活”来解释个体的认知和行为逐渐成为认知加工研究的主流。在这样的大背景下,个体差异和毕生发展研究及选择性注意研究的促进作用使得对于抑制机制的研究又重新升温。
Suppression is an important function in the processing of individual information. Together with the activation, the cognitive processing system can successfully perform various functions. It is defined as ensuring the operation of the homework by excluding the task-independent information from entering and maintaining the working memory Basic cognitive repression. Psychological scholars on the suppression of a long time, as early as the late 19th century inhibitory mechanisms in the early learning and forgetting theory holds an important position. However, due to changes in the spirit of the times, by the 1950s and 1960s, much less attention was paid to the theory of early repression. In recent years, due to the rise of cognitive psychology dominated by information processing and the support of research evidence provided by the neuromorphological and neural network models of connectionism, the “cognitive activation” of information is used to explain the cognitive and Behavior has gradually become the mainstream of cognitive processing research. Against such a backdrop, the research on individual suppression and life-cycle development and the selective attention study has re-heated the research on suppression mechanisms.